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And the third characteristic is the arranging the things as a system. The second attribute of DCS is the automation of manufacturing process by integrating advanced control strategies. Some of these functions include data acquisition, data presentation, process control, process supervision, reporting information, storing and retrieval of information. The first one is the distribution of various control functions into relatively small sets of subsystems, which are of semiautonomous, and are interconnected through a high speed communication bus. You may also read: What Exactly Is A Smart Grid?Īrchitecture of Distributed Control SystemĪs the name suggests, DCS has three main qualities. The main advantage of dividing control tasks for distributed controllers is that if any part of DCS fails, the plant can continue to operate irrespective of failed section. Some of these include Profibus, HART, arc net, Modbus, etc.ĭCS is most suited for large-scale processing or manufacturing plants wherein a large number of continuous control loops are to be monitored and controlled. Different field buses or standard communication protocols are used for establishing the communication between the controllers. These controllers ensure the sharing of gathered data to other hierarchal controllers via different field buses. These controllers able to communicate among themselves and also with other controllers like supervisory terminals, operator terminals, historians, etc.ĭistributed individual automatic controllers are connected to field devices such as sensors and actuators. In DCS control system, data acquisition and control functions are carried through a number of DCS controllers which are microprocessor based units distributed functionally and geographically over the plant and are situated near area where control or data gathering functions being performed as shown in the figure above. DCS consists of a large number of local controllers in various sections of plant control area and are connected via a high speed communication network. It differs from the centralized control system wherein a single controller at central location handles the control function, but in DCS each process element or machine or group of machines is controlled by a dedicated controller.
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Nowadays, distributed control system has been found in many industrial fields such as chemical plants, oil and gas industries, food processing units, nuclear power plants, water management systems, automobile industries, etc.Ī distributed control system (DCS) is a specially designed automated control system that consists of geographically distributed control elements over the plant or control area. This distribution of control system architecture around the plant has led to produce more efficient ways to improve reliability of control, process quality and plant efficiency. In recent years, the use of smart devices and field buses makes distributed control system (DCS) to be prominent in large and complex industrial processes as compared to the former centralized control system. Difference between SCADA and DCS (DCS vs SCADA).Architecture of Distributed Control System.